Online Google Dictionary

confounding 中文解釋 wordnet sense Collocation Usage Collins Definition
Verb
/kənˈfound/,
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confounds, 3rd person singular present; confounded, past participle; confounding, present participle; confounded, past tense;
  1. Cause surprise or confusion in (someone), esp. by acting against their expectations
    • - the inflation figure confounded economic analysts
  2. Prove (a theory, expectation, or prediction) wrong
    • - the rise in prices confounded expectations
  3. Defeat (a plan, aim, or hope)
    • - we will confound these tactics by the pressure groups
  4. Overthrow (an enemy)

  5. Mix up (something) with something else so that the individual elements become difficult to distinguish
    • - 'nuke' is now a cooking technique, as microwave radiation is confounded with nuclear radiation
  1. that confounds or contradicts or confuses
  2. (confound) confuse: be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly; "These questions confuse even the experts"; "This question completely threw me"; "This question befuddled even the teacher"
  3. (confound) confuse: mistake one thing for another; "you are confusing me with the other candidate"; "I mistook her for the secretary"
  4. (confounded) baffled: perplexed by many conflicting situations or statements; filled with bewilderment; "obviously bemused by his questions"; "bewildered and confused"; "a cloudy and confounded philosopher"; "just a mixed-up kid"; "she felt lost on the first day of school"
  5. In statistics, a confounding variable (also confounding factor, lurking variable, a confound, or confounder) is an extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable. ...
  6. (confoundingly) In a confounding way
  7. (confound) To confuse; to mix up; to puzzle; To fail to see the difference; to mix up; to confuse right and wrong; To make something worse; To cause to be ashamed; to abash; To defeat; To damn; To frustrate, to thwart; To bring to ruination
  8. (confounded) Confused; thwarted
  9. (confound) An extraneous variable that may influence the results of an experiment.
  10. (confound) in experimental research, a situation where two variables change simultaneously, making it impossible to determine their relative influence.
  11. (Confounded) The situation in which the effect of a controlled variable is inextricably mixed with that of another, uncontrolled variable. ...
  12. (Confounder) A characteristic or factor that causes (or prevents) the health outcome of interest, and which is also correlated with the causative factors or characteristics being investigated. ...
  13. (Confounder) A factor that is related to one or more of the variables being studied. Confounders can increase or decrease the apparent effectiveness of a treatment. Randomization is designed to create equal numbers of confounding factors in all groups. ...
  14. (confounder) a factor that can influence a trial or experiment, leading to unexpected outcomes that improperly skew the results.
  15. (confounder) a variable that is related to both the predictor and the outcome
  16. When the differences between the treatment and control groups other than the treatment produce differences in response that are not distinguishable from the effect of the treatment, those differences between the groups are said to be confounded with the effect of the treatment (if any). ...
  17. An inability to distinguish the separate impacts of two or more individual variables on a single outcome. FOR EXAMPLE, there has over time been an inability to adequately distinguish the separate impacts of genetics and environmental factors on IQ.
  18. This occurs when the apparent relationship between a predictor and outcome is influenced by other factors, some of which might be unmeasured or unrealized. Scientists can use study designs and analytic strategies to control for confounding in their research.
  19. An alternative cause of disease which is unevenly distributed between exposed and non-exposed persons. Three conditions must be met for a factor to be a confounder. ...
  20. The presence of additional factors other than the variable of interest that can account for observed differences.
  21. The distortion of a measure of the effect of an exposure (eg to therapy involving the proposed drug) on the risk of an outcome under investigation brought about by the association of the exposure with other factor(s) that can influence the outcome.
  22. A measured effect attributed to a variable that is actually due to an unmeasured co-variable.
  23. allowing two or more variables to vary together so that it is impossible to separate their unique effects. If an experiment does not vary x and y separately then the effects of the two factors cannot be distinguished. ...
  24. One or more effects that cannot unambiguously be attributed to a single factor or interaction.
  25. A confounding factor is one that is associated with both the disease and the exposure. For example, when studying the relationship between an exposure (radon) and a disease (lung cancer) the true effect could be masked by a third factor, known as the confounding factor. ...