- Asylums: Essays on the Condition of the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates is a collection of four essays written by sociologist Erving Goffman in 1961. ...
- Establishments that exist for the aid and protection of individuals in need of assistance due to disability, such as insane persons, those who are physically handicapped, or persons who are unable to properly care for themselves, such as orphans.
- Refuges established in western Europe in the fifteenth century to confine and provide for the mentally ill; the forerunners of the mental hospital.
- facilities for treating the mentally ill in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.