- a wife or widow of an archduke or a princess of the former ruling house of Austria
- The title of Archduke (feminine: Archduchess) (German: Erzherzog, feminine form: Erzherzogin) denotes a noble rank above Duke and below King, used primarily by princes of the Houses of Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine.
- A daughter or granddaughter of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, or the wife of a son or grandson of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary